The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World

This article is discussing the trends of courtesy in different parts of the world, and the author examines how humans around the world are cultured (where courtesy is concerned). This is because the article investigates contexts in which courtesy should be shown by people to other people.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main point of this passage is informing people about courtesy in the world. Courtesy is shown more in developed countries than in developing countries. For instance, courtesy is high in America and Europe as compared to Asia and Africa. This passage is organized such that it has an introduction and development of the argument. The passage starts by citing some situations that courtesy is required. Therefore, the reader develops a clue of what will be discussed. The lady in Mexico does not hold open th e door, the sales attendant in Seoul thanks the buyer and a young lady in Toronto stops to help a lady pick her papers. This passage is written such that the tone calls a person to be courteous. The purpose of the passage is to get people to understand the importance of courtesy and act on areas that need one to be courteous. The writer takes a global point of view to show that courtesy should not be restricted to some places only. Courtesy is very important as it makes people live in harmony. The trends of courtesy in a given society affect the courtesy of other people since people follow the norms of the society. Therefore, if people from a certain society are not courteous, the next generation will also not be courteous. This article is very informative. Reading this article will make a person conscious of the importance of courtesy in the world. It will also make a person predict the reception of the people where that person wishes to visit. This book review on The Trends of Courtesy in Different Parts of the World was written and submitted by user Tianna N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Motorcycle Diaries Review Essays

The Motorcycle Diaries Review Essays The Motorcycle Diaries Review Paper The Motorcycle Diaries Review Paper Life. What is it? What does it mean? Does it define our very existence? Is it the minds most dwelled upon subject? Is it not the question that every human being regardless of race, color, ethnicity or gender attempts to figure out? It is what Ernesto Guevara (Gael Garcia Bernal) and Alberto Granado (Rodrigo De la Serna) set to find out on their journey of South America in the film â€Å"The Motorcycle Diaries†. Ernesto Guevara is a young, good looking medical student from Buenos Aires, Argentina, armed with an immensely strong will, an intense desire to explore and discover, while focused on learning about and making a difference in the world around him. Alberto Granado is a relatively young biochemist, also from Buenos Aires, who is very close friends with Ernesto and his family. He is a radiant, fun loving character who although is not as good looking as his younger comrade, makes up for it with his â€Å"let’s do it at all costs† attitude and someone who shares the fundamental beliefs of expiernceing life and making a difference in the world with Ernesto. He, as well as Ernesto, leaves a tremendous impact on the viewer. The movie directed by Walter Salles and released in 2004, begins in 1951 with the two ambitions filled thinkers, packing for their journey encompassing the entire South America. After the packing concludes and a few minor scenes pass, Ernesto waves goodbye to his family, boards Albertos motorcycle called â€Å"The Mighty One† and with that the two are off to face the answer’s to life’s most unanswered question, Itself. The two explorers begin their journey across their native country with their hopes high and minds churning at full throttle. They ride â€Å"The Mighty One† like outlaws through the open road, enjoying life at its climax with no regrets. A few days later they arrive in Miramar, Argentina to be greeted by Ernesto’s girlfriend Chichina Ferrreyra. Ernesto is deeply in love with this woman. The relationship between Ernesto and Chichina is almost fairytale like, as if destiny was steering its path. Ernesto and Chichina share a very sexy love scene, without the sex, letting the viewer know that he or she is not witnessing puppy love, but a real and everlasting bond between the two characters. Ernesto gets lost in his love, temporarily forgetting the reason of his journey, only to be reminded by Alberto. With Alberto’s wakeup call the two are back on the road, except with more luggage, the test of Ernesto’s love for Chichina. As the two men continue their amazing journey, they encounter various hardships and mountain- like obstacles in their way of making it to Peru to volunteer in a Leper colony. This is the climax and defining part of the movie. The answer of their entire quest is answered in the scenes in this section of the film. From this point until the end of the film, we realize what Life really means. Events that show true humanity and compassion occur here. The impact of these events is so strong, that it could even change the way a viewer looks at daily life. This film would definitely be categorized as a â€Å"must see†. During the communist uprising in the 1950’s, many people did not see the poverty and injustice that was going on at the time. This is heavily supported by the movie as well as the movie review in the â€Å"New York Times†. The times tells us of Ernesto (Che) seeing this and giving his life, to introduce the end, to these atrocities. They state â€Å"At the end of the film, after his sojourn at the leper colony has confirmed his nascent egalitarian, anti-authority impulses, Ernesto makes a birthday toast, which is also his first political speech. † In this speech is when he highlights these problems. This type of subject is a great selection to be exposed to the entire world and one of my favorite parts of the movie. The reason for this is, when hardships of different peoples are exposed, more often than not, something is done about them and they end. Also, witnessing this gives you an understanding of purpose, of life, that no word in language can describe. One just has to watch the movie to attain this incredible life changing understanding. The filming and directing were amazing parts of the movie. Throughout the entire film I felt as if, I too were traveling with Ernesto and Alberto. The exposure of the different beauties of some neighboring countries in South America drove home Che’s main idea he formed while on his trip. This was the idea of a united South America. In other words this wonderful directing portrayed the idea that all things alike, in other words family, should come together. So in this case all things beautiful (the countries shown in the film) should be united. I must say that I loved this film, however everything has its faults. The only thing I can say that I didn’t like was the history given at the end. Che went on to become a communist revolutionary in Cuba, violently helping kick the United States out. This is supported by real information given at the end of the film in text. I feel somewhat disappointed that a man of such intellectual prowess as Che would result to violence for an answer to what he saw as lives problems. He had gone from a promising young medical student to a communist radical, however I must say that he was seen be people of other backgrounds as a hero for later changing his ways to non violence. This is stated on the website www. science. jrank. org. It says â€Å"Ches theory contained an implicit criticism of most Latin American communist parties, which had all but abandoned revolutionary violence. † â€Å"The Motorcycle Diaries† was a life a changing film to me. It brings me no surprise that it was met with load of positive critical acclaim. Everyone wonders about life. We all ask that same question to ourselves. Well, it’s time to answer it. Bibliography 1. Marxism In Latin America. Marxism In Latina America. Other Free Encyclopedias. Web. ;http://science. jrank. org/pages/10094/Marxism-in-Latin-America-Foquismo. html. 2. Scott, A. O. On the Road With Young Che. The New York TimesMovie Review. The New York Times, 24 Sept. 2004. Web. http://movies. nytimes. com/2004/09/24/movies/24MOTO. html

My Mistrees Eyes are Nothing like the Sun Essay

My Mistrees Eyes are Nothing like the Sun - Essay Example tead of using negative words to express how much he loved his mistress despite her imperfections and short-comings, Shakespeare chose to use positive words in expressing how he truly feels and see his mistress. Rather than making use of typical words of praise using sweet words such as skin as fair as a pearl, hair like strands of gold, or see roses in her cheeks when describing his mistress, he chose to be honest when describing the physical attributes of his mistress. The only difference in this particular sonnet is that Shakespeare decided to make use of satirizing technique as he contrasted the beauty of his loved one to the beauty of nature. For example: The 1st line of the sonnet tells us that â€Å"My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun†. In line with this, Shakespeare compared his mistress’ eyes with the sun but after reading between the lines, it is clear that Shakespeare is telling us that his mistress’ eyes are totally different from the sun. In general, sun is known for its natural beauty when the sun shines as it glows. Even though the shape of his mistress’ eyes is as round as the sun, he is simply telling us that the glow of happiness is not present in his mistress’ eyes. Shakespeare also noted in the 2nd line of the sonnet that â€Å"Coral is far more red than her lip’s red† It means that the color of corals is more red than his mistress lips. In normal circumstances, a truly in-love poet would tell us otherwise. Looking at 7th and 8th line of the sonnet, Shakespeare said that â€Å"in some perfumes there is more delight; than the breath with which my mistress reeks†. He also described her mistress as one that has dark-colored breasts, coarse hair, pale skin, and harsh voice. (See lines 3 to 6 and 9 to 10) Almost all the lines mentioned in the sonnet suggest that her mistress is not perfect physically yet he managed to accept her as who she is and enter into a relationship with her even though he is already married. Even though

Legal Advice Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Advice - Case Study Example Harvey Carpets Ltd has agreed to provide the financial support to enable the Football Club to build a new stadium. The Football Club is at a loss as to how where to start in proceeding with developing their new stadium and have turned to you for your advice. During your initial meeting with the Football Club you learn that they have very little experience of the building process but are familiar with the basic terminology. The Football Club has a budget in mind for the project and is keen for the new build to make a statement about the bright future the Club seeks to enjoy and to promote strong links with the community and local schools. The Football Club has obtained outline planning permission. i) The range of professional appointments the Trustees could make during both the pre-construction phase and during construction itself. It will be discussed which professionals should be appointed and how the choice is influenced by one's preferred procurement option. ii) The procurement options available for the design and construction of the stadium and details of one's preferred procurement option with supporting reasons for one's expressed preference should be discussed. The following report is written for the benefit of The Football Club with the aim that it can be used as a basis for discussion at their next Board meeting called to decide the future of the project. The Board is directly addressed. To the Trustees of the Board: As your advisor, I suggest that you hire three people immediately. These three people would be an architect, a contractor, and an accountant. The reasons for hiring each of these three people will become quite apparent very quickly. The reason one needs to get a good architect is paramount. A good architect on the project lays the foundation for everything else. "Architectural services should be calculated as part of the project cost, typically just under ten percent of the building budgetArchitects bring a global vision to the very complicated process of building'" ("Working With an Architect," 2010, p. 1). Ideally, one wants to choose an architect for the project who has character. In the same way this architect's character is, so shall your structure be. You want an architect who will be able to see the project through from inception to completion. Therefore, this person is going to have to envision the project as well as bring it to fruition. The architect has to have a good idea in mind of what the finished product is going to look like. Therefore, you must choose an architect who not only can produce physical plans for what a building will look like-but someone who has a vision. By vision, I don't mean that he can see well. By having vision, I mean that this architect should ideally have a good grasp of architectural principles such that he or she knows what makes a striking building, and how that knowledge can best be applied to your particular project. Now, in this instance, I would be

Marketing Concept to the 21st century Business of Starbucks Essay - 1

Marketing Concept to the 21st century Business of Starbucks - Essay Example This requires marketers to constantly upgrade their marketing tactics and strategies. In the 21st century, marketing is quite different from what it used to be a century before. One concept that has gained interest among the marketers is relationship marketing. Relationship marketing deals with developing long and lasting relationships with the stakeholders of the organization. One company that has truly adopted this concept is Starbucks that continues to provide services and products while remaining customer and employee oriented. This paper will delve on relationship marketing and its application within one specific organization which is Starbucks. Description of the Marketing Concept As competition is increasing throughout the world, companies have to constantly readjust their marketing strategies in order to gain an edge over the competition. In this era, companies are becoming increasingly people-oriented, that is, they develop their operations to suit the needs of their stakeho lders. These usually include in most cases the consumers and with new concepts developed, employees have also become the central focus on the companies. Employee oriented companies have become more common in the service industries where employees form the face of the company. Thus the concept of relationship marketing has emerged in today’s world that companies are increasingly adapting to in order gain a good share of the market. In relationship marketing, the aim of the company is not profit maximization but rather retaining good relationship with its stakeholders, specifically the consumers. Palmatier, 2008 defines relationship marketing as ‘the process of identifying, developing, maintaining, and terminating relational exchanges with the purpose of enhancing performance’. This relationship, though is falsely attributed to extend to only the consumers, is in fact developed with all stakeholders including the consumers, employees and the community. Gummesson, 2 002 further broadens relationship marketing to total relationship marketing where marketing is extended from CRM approaches to developing relationships with all stakeholders of the company. He defines the concept in the following terms, ‘Total relationship marketing is marketing based on relationships, networks and interaction, recognizing that marketing is embedded in the total management of the networks of the selling organization, the market and society. It is directed to long-term win-win relationships with individual customers, and value is jointly created between the parties involved. It transcends the boundaries between specialist functions and disciplines’ (Gummesson, 2002) In terms of the consumers, the aim of the company in relationship marketing is to develop long-lasting relationships. This is done by orienting the company to meet the needs of the consumers. Companies that aim at relationship building conduct regular surveys and feedbacks. The purpose of the se surveys is to better understand the customers and to align the operations of the company with the changing needs of the consumers. Companies practicing relationship marketing consistently innovate their products and services to better serve their customers. For example, recently many retail outlets have developed their Android presence. Consumers can easily download applications and order for their products through their cell phones conveniently.  

Importance of Personal Hygiene in a Pharmacy Workplace

Importance of Personal Hygiene in a Pharmacy Workplace Maintaining a comfortable environment in which all employees can work in is an importantpoor hygiene from employees can affect the overall performance of a team or impact on their colleagues and other people, particularly patients, with whom an individual comes in to contact. Keeping clean is essential for good health; poor hygiene can cause skin complaints,  unpleasant smells and bacterial or parasitic infections; poor dental care can also give rise  to bad breath. Unwashed clothes are often a source of undesirable smells. Staff should come work having attended to their personal hygiene each day with clean  clothes and hair and free from unpleasant odours. Clean uniform should be worn each day and replaced if it becomes soiled during a shift. Why should we pay attention to keep workplace/pharmacy environment clean? Keeping work environment clean reduces workplace hazards and help get a job done safely and properly. Unhygienic environment can frequently contribute to accidents by hiding hazards that cause injuries. If the sight of paper, debris, clutter and spills is accepted as normal, then other more serious health and safety hazards may be taken for granted. Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping work areas neat and orderly; maintaining halls and floors free of slip and trip hazards; and removing of waste materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other fire hazards from work areas. It also requires paying attention to important details such as the layout of the whole workplace, aisle marking, the adequacy of storage facilities, and maintenance. Good housekeeping is also a basic part of accident and fire prevention. What is the purpose of keeping pharmacy clean? Unhygienic and unclean work environment can be a cause of accidents, such as: Tripping over loose objects on floors, stairs and platforms Being hit by falling objects Slipping on greasy, wet or dirty surfaces Striking against projecting, poorly stacked items or misplaced material Cutting, puncturing, or tearing the skin of hands or other parts of the body on projecting nails, wire or steel strapping To avoid these hazards, a workplace must maintain order throughout a workday. What are some benefits of keeping pharmacy environment clean? Effective cleanliness at a workplace results in: Reduced handling to ease the flow of materials Fewer tripping and slipping accidents in clutter-free and spill-free work areas Decreased fire hazards Lower worker exposures to hazardous substances (e.g. dusts, vapours) Better control of tools and materials, including inventory and supplies More efficient equipment cleanup and maintenance Better hygienic conditions leading to improved health More effective use of space Reduced property damage by improving preventive maintenance Less janitorial work Improved morale Improved productivity (tools and materials will be easy to find) How do I plan a good work environment program in my HBS pharmacy? A hygienic program plans and manages the orderly storage and movement of materials from point of entry to exit. It includes a material flow plan to ensure minimal handling. The plan also ensures that work areas are not used as storage areas by having workers move materials to and from work areas as needed. Part of the plan could include investing in extra bins and more frequent disposal. The costs of this investment could be offset by the elimination of repeated handling of the same material and more effective use of the workers time. Often, ineffective or insufficient storage planning results in materials being handled and stored in hazardous ways. Knowing the plant layout and the movement of materials throughout the workplace can help plan work procedures. Worker training is an essential part of any hygienic and risk free program. Workers need to know how to work safely with the products they use. They also need to know how to protect other workers such as by posting signs (e.g., Wet Slippery Floor) and reporting any unusual conditions. A clean enironment order is maintained not achieved. Cleaning and organization must be done regularly, not just at the end of the shift. Integrating housekeeping into jobs can help ensure this is done. A good housekeeping program identifies and assigns responsibilities for the following: Clean up during the shift Day-to-day cleanup Waste disposal Removal of unused materials Inspection to ensure cleanup is complete Do not forget out-of-the-way places such as shelves, basements, sheds, and boiler rooms that would otherwise be overlooked. The orderly arrangement of operations, tools, equipment and supplies is an important part of keeping a pharmacy clean.

The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) vs. P2P Essay

The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) vs. P2P It began with the sacking of Napster, and has steadily grown to become an all-out offensive against participants of on-line Peer-2-Peer (P2P) file sharing networks. While the Recording Industry, (RIAA), may have fired the first salvo, the Film Industry, represented by the Motion Picture Association of America, (MPAA), from recently jumping into the litigious fray. On November 16th, 2004, the MPAA announced it would begin launching lawsuits against a select group of P2P users accused of possessing and/or transmitting copyrighted films. These lawsuits, in the same vain as the RIAA’s ongoing legal offensive, are meant to intimidate other P2P users to cease and desist any illegal activities involving movies[1]. From a distance, this recent crack down appears to be not only acceptable, but also morally unquestionable. Upon closer inspection of the issue, it becomes readily apparent that scapgoating P2P networks is not only an unnecessary and ‘unwinable’ battle, (as the RIAA can attest), but also a waste of anti-piracy resource away from real piracy threats. Before any discussion on the actions of MPAA can be broached, it is necessary to deliver a brief historical primer on the intellectual property laws, in particular copyrights. To begin with, a copyright is used to protect creative rather than industrial forms. No formal registration is required to gain protection of a creation. The only requirement is that creation must be expressed, that is, an idea or knowledge in and of itself is not copyrightable, only the expression of the idea.[2] The first form of international intellectual property protection came in 1886 ... ... Accessed on November 16th, 2004 Taylor, Chris. â€Å"Invasion of the Movie Snatchers†. Time Online Edition. November 2004. http://www.time.com/time/insidebiz/article/0,9171,1101041011-709042,00.html . accessed on November 16th, 2004 Jardin, Xeni. â€Å"P2P in the Legal Crosshairs†. WIRED March, 2004. http://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,62665,00.html . accessed on November 16th 2004 Dean, Katie. â€Å"Film Piracy Steals the Show†. WIRED. December 2003 http://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,61673,00.html . accessed Nov. 16, 2004 [1] MSNBC, November 16th/2004 [2] Attallah, Shade. 2002 [3] Attallah, Shade. 2002 [4] Attallah, Shade. 2002 [5] Chris Taylor, TIME Oct. 2004 [6] Taylor, 2004 [7] Xeni Jardin, WIRED, may 2004 [8] Taylor, 2004 [9] Straubhaar, Media Now, 2002 [10] Seradini, Video Age International, 2002 [11] Dean, Wired, 2003 The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) vs. P2P Essay The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) vs. P2P It began with the sacking of Napster, and has steadily grown to become an all-out offensive against participants of on-line Peer-2-Peer (P2P) file sharing networks. While the Recording Industry, (RIAA), may have fired the first salvo, the Film Industry, represented by the Motion Picture Association of America, (MPAA), from recently jumping into the litigious fray. On November 16th, 2004, the MPAA announced it would begin launching lawsuits against a select group of P2P users accused of possessing and/or transmitting copyrighted films. These lawsuits, in the same vain as the RIAA’s ongoing legal offensive, are meant to intimidate other P2P users to cease and desist any illegal activities involving movies[1]. From a distance, this recent crack down appears to be not only acceptable, but also morally unquestionable. Upon closer inspection of the issue, it becomes readily apparent that scapgoating P2P networks is not only an unnecessary and ‘unwinable’ battle, (as the RIAA can attest), but also a waste of anti-piracy resource away from real piracy threats. Before any discussion on the actions of MPAA can be broached, it is necessary to deliver a brief historical primer on the intellectual property laws, in particular copyrights. To begin with, a copyright is used to protect creative rather than industrial forms. No formal registration is required to gain protection of a creation. The only requirement is that creation must be expressed, that is, an idea or knowledge in and of itself is not copyrightable, only the expression of the idea.[2] The first form of international intellectual property protection came in 1886 ... ... Accessed on November 16th, 2004 Taylor, Chris. â€Å"Invasion of the Movie Snatchers†. Time Online Edition. November 2004. http://www.time.com/time/insidebiz/article/0,9171,1101041011-709042,00.html . accessed on November 16th, 2004 Jardin, Xeni. â€Å"P2P in the Legal Crosshairs†. WIRED March, 2004. http://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,62665,00.html . accessed on November 16th 2004 Dean, Katie. â€Å"Film Piracy Steals the Show†. WIRED. December 2003 http://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,61673,00.html . accessed Nov. 16, 2004 [1] MSNBC, November 16th/2004 [2] Attallah, Shade. 2002 [3] Attallah, Shade. 2002 [4] Attallah, Shade. 2002 [5] Chris Taylor, TIME Oct. 2004 [6] Taylor, 2004 [7] Xeni Jardin, WIRED, may 2004 [8] Taylor, 2004 [9] Straubhaar, Media Now, 2002 [10] Seradini, Video Age International, 2002 [11] Dean, Wired, 2003

Rumspringa

During Rumspringa, Amish youth go out on their own into the outside world. (Many for their first time ever. ) After Rumspringa, the majority return home to live with their families and be baptized and continue in the Amish life without artying and partaking of the English lifestyle. The individual decides when their Rumspringa ends when they agree to be baptized into the church and take up responsibilities of an adult in the Amish community. -Amish are similar to most mainstream Americans by: they are of â€Å"white† European stock, and they come from families that have been in America for more than one generation. –Amish differ from the majority by: they practice an intense Christian religiosity and they deliberately try to live separately from the larger society and refusing to adopt the practices and roducts of our mainstream society. Adolescence is a Journey from childhood to adulthood; Amish youth experience the temptations and Joys and ills differently because it comes in a very concentrated form during Rumspringa. -Mennonites do not have Rumspringa. Rumspringa is practiced mostly in the larger Amish communities like Holmes, LaGrange, and Lancaster. -More than 70% of male Amish adults do not farm. -In Northern Indiana only about half of the Amish youth attend parties. -Today there is about 200,000 Amish individuals. And about half of them are under the age of ighteen.The Amish make up only 1% of the population in America but they are growing rapidly because of the high Amish birthrate. The average family has seven children. -Every five weeks, a new Amish settlement is established in the United motto: â€Å"to be in the world but not of the world. † -Mennonites are named after their earlier leader; Menno Simmons. -Once Amish are baptized and enter back into the Amish culture and way of life after Rumspringa, it is very difficult for them to leave again because of such harsh consequences. â€Å"Demut† : a central tenant of the Am ish to cultivate humility) -â€Å"Hochmut† : wrongful, arrogant pride -Important biblical phrase to the Amish: 2 Corinthians 6:14 â€Å"Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers. † (This is where the Amish get their reasoning to be so separate from the world. ) -â€Å"Ordnung† : Unwritten list of rules. -Many Amish parents confiscate their children's earnings from their Jobs and promise that when the youth get married they will give them large gifts of land, or money. – The ordnung must be followed by the members of the Amish community.The Amish hope that these rules will help lead members to achieving their social goals. Each church district has its own ordnung, and there are more than 1,400 Old Order Amish church districts. The ordnung is ratified and agreed to twice yearly by the members in the congregation of the church. The rules have evolved over the years to govern things from garments, appearance and facial hair to forbidden technologies and careers. -Between 1907 and 1910 there was a large argument in the church over the use of cell phones and it resulted in a splitting off from the Old Order of â€Å"liberals† who wanted to use phones and cars. Anyone who could not live without phones or ars could not be in the Old Order. ) -1930's: Some areas began to allow phones in stores, but the phones were forbidden elsewhere. -Amish believe that the Holy Spirit tells a young person when it is time for them to be baptized. -Amish childhood have been structured to block out sensations of mainstream culture. -Many say that if the children are forced too soon to choose between a mainstream â€Å"English† life or the Amish lifestyle they are more likely to permanently turn away from being Amish so it is better to Just allow the children to have Rumspringa until they are ready to decide.Amish believe in being submissive and that it is seen as Christ-like. -â€Å"Brauchers† Amish healers who manipulate people s bodies like chiropractors. -Ordnugs three meanings: 1. To arrange or draw up a rule of degree to induce equality. 2. It creates a vision of contentment. 3. God's example of the universe. -Mental problems in the Amish community are equally divided between men and women. -In June of 1998, Amish communities became very aware of drug problems. Dimensions of Culture: Different areas, religions, beliefs, ect. shape how we function as a society.We are products of our language and what happens around us. – Material/Nonmaterial Culture: the physical/nonphysical artifacts that reflect the lives of members in a particular society. -Mennonites are an example of a subculture because they go along with the majority of the Amish beliefs but do not participate in Rumspringa and have a few other variations as well. – Amish culture as a whole is a perfect example of a counterculture (actively opposes values of the dominant culture and rejects the dominant cultures way of life. -Mores are generally used more by the seriously.The Amish believe in Sexual Dichotomy: belief hat two biological sex categories, male and female, are permanent, universal, exhaustive, and mutually exclusive. -Culture provides society with common interests/bonds. Because a culture lives together, they share a certain amount of knowledge that is the same. -Norms: Rule all social encounters. -There will be more clashes and arguments in a culture the more ethnic it is because the cultures vary so much with different beliefs and traditions and languages and cultures. -Amish take small norm violations very seriously compared to mainstream.

Mengele Annotated Bibliography

This book goes into extreme detail describing every facet of the Nazi regime's various medical experiments, policies and atrocities with the intention of giving the reader an understanding of the past such that it should not repeat itself- as the author suggests it may in today's atmospheres of modern genocide and â€Å"ethnic cleansing.† Lifton draws comparisons particularly to potentially similar situations in Serbia, Rwanda and Cambodia, and draws parallels to the political and societal evolutions that took place in Germany, eventually developing a â€Å"genocidal mentality† that resulted in the systematic killing of (and medical experimentation on) millions of innocent victims. It smoothly describes the growth and development of the overall Nazi medical ideology, beginning with the definition of â€Å"life unworthy of life.† Lifton explains the process by which mentally and physically disabled children and adults came to be regarded as detriments to society that needed to be killed- both for their own good and for the betterment of mankind. This twisted view resulted in a state-sanctioned euthanasia program, wherein German doctors were first compelled to break their Hippocratic Oath- the professional promise to do no harm that is as old as medicine itself. From its beginnings, Lifton further describes the progression of Nazi killings under the guise of science- culminating in the work of Dr. Josef Mengele in the concentration camp Auschwitz. Unlike many studies of Mengele's work, Lifton does not focus simply on the horrors he perpetrated during his time at the camp. Rather, he attempts to explain how the â€Å"camp culture† within Auschwitz and the increasingly brutal practices of the Nazi system resulted in the atmosphere which allowed such horrible atrocities to occur. Koren, Y. (2005). Mengele and the Family of Dwarfs: Yehuda Koren Tells One Family's Remarkable Story of Surviving Auschwitz. History Today, 55, 32-33. This article examines another group of Mengele's victims, Jews suffering the genetic disease of dwarfism. Specifically, an entire family, all of whom somehow managed to survive not only his experiments but the deadly atmosphere of Auschwitz itself. Koren provides first-person accounts via interviews of some members of the Ovitz family, a unique clan from Romania that arrived at Auschwitz in 1944. The family of twelve included seven dwarfs and was the largest recorded dwarf family in the world and before their transport to Auschwitz had spent years touring in a traveling exhibition that promoted them as the â€Å"Lilliput Troupe.† Mengele was extremely interested in genetic abnormalities, and as such targeted dwarfs and other unusual individuals for experimentation. Experiments conducted on the family included extensive drawing of blood, high doses of radiation, removal of blood marrow samples, teeth pulled and the women received mysterious injections into their wombs. Despite all of this horrid treatment, Mengele seemed to have a strange fondness for the family and often treated them to special meals and other privileges, so that he could use them as a source of entertainment for other SS officers. This makes their case extremely unique amongst all of his victims. So, while he avoided killing them, he did so for entirely selfish reasons. The case involving this particular family offers interesting insight into Mengele's personality. Freyhofer, H. (2004). The Nuremberg Medical Trial: The Holocaust and the Origin of the Nuremberg Medical Code. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. This book examines and explains the Medical or â€Å"Doctors† trial of Nuremberg, by recounting everything that led up to the trial, and the wide-ranging effects it had. Particular care is paid to analyzing the breaches in ethics by members of the medical community that chose to take part in the Nazi euthanasia programs and subsequent medical experimentation on prisoners. These doctors, when charged with war crimes in the face of overwhelming evidence of what went on during the course of the war in hospitals and concentration camps, attempted to prove that the experiments they carried out were justifiable in the name of science. Though Josef Mengele was on the run and in hiding at the time of the Trial and didn’t face justice alongside his fellow perpetrators, Freyhofer goes into extensive detail analyzing Mengele's methods and potential   motivations, as well as the ethical implications of Mengele's work. Instead of focusing on the nature of the experiments performed by Mengele and other Nazi doctors, this text seeks to examine the larger picture of medical responsibility. Freyhofer explains the nature of the Hippocratic oath and why it failed to endure the pressures brought upon it by Nazi ideology. Coupled with this is a study of how the doctors charged in the trial, many of them highly respected in their fields before the war, could have so thoroughly warped their ethical viewpoints. The most significant contribution of this work is the explanation of the Nuremberg Medical Code that resulted from the trial, in which the courts set a legal international standard for medical experimentation. As a result of this landmark decision, doctors could never again claim to have performed experimentation on unwilling subjects for the good of science. Riordan, C. (1997). The Sins of the Children: Peter Schneider, Allan Massie and the Legacy of Auschwitz. Journal of European Studies, 27, 161-180. This article examines the repercussions that Nazi war crimes have had on the descendants of both the perpetrators and the victims. Countless sources recount the stories of Holocaust survivors and the stories of their children, but few examine the effects the war had on the equally innocent children of many top Nazis. These children grew up with the heart-breaking weight of their fathers crimes, which in turn generated a degree of self-loathing. One particular figure of interest in this article is Rolf Mengele, the son of Dr. Josef Mengele. Mengele, having disappeared after the war into hiding in Brazil, lived out the rest of his days in relative peace and quiet, never meeting retribution for his terrible crimes. Six years after the death of his father, Rolf finally came forward and recounted his story of what it was like to have to live in obscurity under constant fear of discovery, and coping with the knowledge that his father never regretted any of his barbaric doings. The primary purpose behind analyzing the stories of the children of Nazi war criminals is to determine where historians draw the line between understanding and acceptance. To accomplish this, Riordan references two fictionalized accounts of these father-son relationships in order to gain insight into how the children of war criminals deal with the knowledge of their fathers' actions, and what action (or lack thereof) they take to attempt to atone for those crimes. Why, for example, did Rolf Mengele never turn his father in to the authorities? The motives are varied, and in the end it's up to the individual to weigh perceived loyalty to family, or loyalty to justice. Hinton, AL. (2002). Annihilating Difference: The Anthropology of Genocide. Berkeley: University of California Press. This book seeks to examine the larger picture of genocide and what drives humanity to single out and persecute specific groups of people within society. By studying various cases where genocide has occurred, such as the Holocaust, the author hopes to bring about an understanding of what causes these shameful events and how we might strive to prevent them in the future. Hinton states that genocide cannot occur without a basis of ideology that the perpetrators feel justifies their behavior. Clearly this makes the Holocaust a prime example, and Hinton places great emphasis on the supposed anthropological basis for many Nazi ideologies. Primarily amongst these are those regarding the Jews, who were defined by the Nazis as a lesser breed of humanity due to their stereotypical ethnic features, which differed in some ways from the â€Å"ideal† Aryan. This anthropological view that Jews were sub-human played a major role in Nazi justification of their treatment of the Jews, from basic imprisonment to systematic killing and use in ghastly medical experiments like those carried out by Josef Mengele. Hinton also discusses the psychological blocks put in place by the Nazis themselves in order to avoid full comprehension of their misdeeds. This included the frequent use of obscure terms and code words that were used in place of clear descriptions of the atrocities carried out on prisoners by Mengele and other Nazis. This suggests that even ideology couldn’t fully convince even the Nazis that what they were doing was right, and subconciously they corrected for this by softening the appearance of their crimes, at least in writing. Baumel, JT. (2000). â€Å"You Said the Words You Wanted Me to Hear But I Heard The Words You Couldn't Bring Yourself To Say†: Women's First Person Accounts of the Holocaust. The Oral History Review. 27, 17-18. This article offers a unique view of some of Mengele's forgotten victims, the mothers of many of the children used in his experiments. It's well documented that Mengele was highly interested in performing experiments on twins, and he took great care to sort twin children out from the rest of the Jews brought to Auschwitz by train. Twins were often yanked from their mothers grasps and the mothers sent off to their deaths never knowing what became of their children, while other times the mothers themselves were also involved in the experiments. This article examines both situations, with particular attention paid to the later group- Mengele was interested in what caused the twin phenomenon, and did tests on the Jewish mothers of twins in hopes of discovering the cause of twin births. Other mothers were forced to take part in the tests conducted on their own children, sometimes forced to inject their children with unknown substances, many of which had terrible effects. This had an obvious severe psychological effect on these mothers, which Baumel explores in detail through first hand accounts. Other times, pregnant women were selected by Mengele for experimentation, such as one mother that had her newborn child taken from her and was forced to watch it starve to death as Mengele sought to determine how long a newborn could survive without its mother. Other pregnant women were experimented on, with injections and surgery. Through this and other terrible descriptions, Baumel illustrates not only the horrors of Mengele's experimentation, but also the terrible effect it had on the women they involved.

Free Essays on Youve Got Mail

appear on the monitor in front of me with little thought or fanfare The act of reading a hand written letter is an ev... Free Essays on Youve Got Mail Free Essays on Youve Got Mail â€Å"You’ve got mail† There is a distinct difference between having an automated voice stating, â€Å"you’ve got mail† with all the warmth of an undertaker, and physically opening an old fashioned metal and possibly rusty box to find a true piece of art. Art that is becoming extinct even as I am writing this, an art form that is warm, personal and can mean as much to some people as a priceless Rembrandt can mean to a collector. The hand written letter gives a warm fuzzy feeling, while E-mail seems to me rather cold and impersonal. Writing letters by hand is quickly becoming a lost art form practiced by few. This art form is being destroyed by the time saving, impersonal, sterile world of e-mail Few things in the world today can make someone feel better than getting a hand written letter in the mail. Most of the envelopes in my mailbox are bills or junk mail. When receiving a letter from one of my grandparents in the mailbox it makes me feel extraordinary to know that they care enough to invest the time and effort in communicating with me. Most of the e-mails I have received are just a bunch of mass communication garbage. They have been forwarded to hundreds of people sent with little thought and usually no emotion. The chances of getting a personal e-mail are rare. When I do receive a letter from my grandparents, it is easy to tell while holding the envelope in my hands whether it is a long letter or a quick note to say â€Å"Hello†. There is always a decision to make after receiving a treasure like this in the mail. Should the letter just be torn open hastily or should it be carefully opened so as not to damage the precious contents, savoring each and every second of the unveiling. The act of opening an e-mail is sterile and boring at best. There is no excitement, no anticipation just point, click, and the words appear on the monitor in front of me with little thought or fanfare The act of reading a hand written letter is an ev...

The use of High Stakes Test to Evaluate Teachers Research Paper

The use of High Stakes Test to Evaluate Teachers - Research Paper Example With the high level of stress teachers already endure day after day, adding the pressure of high stakes testing only increases the number of cons resulting from placing teacher's career in jeopardy if students are unable to pass high stakes tests. Therefore, the cons resulting from such high stakes tests must be seriously considered by policymakers. If these cons are ignored, the results could be devastating to the American education system. Thousands of potentially good classroom teachers   could lose their jobs and many prospective teachers would mostly likely refuse to enter into the profession.One of the cons of the using high stakes testing to evaluate teachers is that policymakers discard the valuable intangibles that makes up   a teacher’s   character. The worth of a teacher is much more than the results of high stakes testing. Such intangibles as caring teacher/student relationships, active teacher/parent connection, extra-curriculum activities-participation, att endance, role modeling for students can not measured by high stakes testing. Many teachers go far and beyond the call of duty when it comes to preparing their students for the challenges of society and work. The are kind, helpful, caring and compassionate(Suttle). Their students respect them. Releasing such dedicated teachers due to negative high stakes test results is a mistake. In stead of   keeping good teachers who are sensitive to their ideas and thoughts, students most likely will receive teacher who are too test. oriented and insensitive to the student's feelings. Another con of high stakes testing is that the tests do not necessarily reflect the competency of the teacher. Many teachers simply don't know how to prepare their classroom for scoring successfully on high stakes tests. According to Richard F. Elmore, a professor of Harvard School of Education, many teachers are unsure of how to integrate state standards for high stakes testing, so they engage the process blindly . This sense of blindness forces many teachers to focus on teaching test material the entire school year. Other significant aspects of the curriculum such as social studies and science are usually neglected. Such focus on teaching test material is called â€Å"teach to the test† (Walker pg 9). Critical information regarding society, people and the environment are neglected when non-tested subjects such as science and psychology are minimized during the course of a school year. No matter how competent a teacher may be, she can not make students learn if the students are not motivated, perhaps due to some external circumstances beyond school. This is another con of high stakes testing. Many minority populations, including Latinos and African Americans come from impoverished backgrounds or underprivileged schools which might limit their ability to obtain high test scores. For example, studies show that â€Å"significant gaps exist between rich and poor districts and among ethni c and

Health Effects of Alcohol consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Effects of Alcohol consumption - Essay Example Irrespective of what the studies that simply focus on the bad effects of alcohol, there is evidence that light drinking or consuming alcohol in very moderate quantities can actually have several health benefits. Alcohol produces both short as well as long-term health and behavioral problems, while on the other hand there has been experimental research which has highlighted the positive results that alcohol consumption might have on the health. Therefore in spite of the bad effects that consumption of alcohol might have on the drinker, there are also a few positive sides to drinking as well especially on diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. As soon as alcohol enters the bloodstream of the drinker it initiates certain reactions. Most of these reactions are however acute and short-lived such as slurred speech, motor impairment etc. However, it has been seen that regular intake of alcohol has several detrimental effects on the human body. Since different beverages have different alcohol percentages the risks posed by each beverage is different. Many researchers have drawn a relation between alcohol intake and risk of heart diseases. According to some studies conducted in Great Britain, regular and heavy drinkers had a higher risk of developing coronary heart ailments. In America, heart failure remains one of the major public health issues. Almost 500,000 American citizens die because of heart failure (Djousse et al, 2008). Alcohol drinking has been associated with heart failure since heavy drinking can cause cardiomyopathy.